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Tuesday, August 16, 2011

Causes of Frequent Urinary Tract Infections

Causes of Frequent Urinary Tract Infections
Causes of Frequent Urinary Tract Infections

More than two urinary tract infections a year is considered recurrent infections, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. In some cases, the same organism causes the infections but in others, different organisms may be involved. Bladder infections or cystitis are treated with antibiotics to avoid damage to the kidneys. Some patients with recurrent urinary tract infections require surgery to correct underlying abnormalities.

Inadequate Treatment

Urinary tract infections are almost always caused by bacteria. If a UTI is treated with an appropriate antibiotic, the organisms should be completely eliminated from the urinary tract. However, if the patient did not receive a large enough dose of the antibiotic or failed to take the medication for the full course prescribed by the health care provider, the infection may return, according to the Merck Manuals Online Medical Library.

Contamination

Organisms from the vagina or anus can spread into the urinary tract through the urethra, the tube that passes urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Because the distance between the urethra, vagina and anus is shorter in women, they are at a higher risk for contamination during sexual intercourse, as well as while cleaning the area after a bowel movement, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Having sex frequently, using a diaphragm or spermicide for birth control and changing sexual partners predispose women to frequent UTIs. Men over the age of 50 are susceptible to prostatitis, an infection of the prostate that can spread to the urinary tract and cause recurrent UTIs, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.

Urinary catheters, another potential source of contamination, cause approximately 80 percent of all urinary tract infections in hospitals, according to UMMC.

Urinary Retention

Recurrent urinary tract infections may be caused by urinary retention. When urine does not flow properly, it stagnates or backs up, allowing bacteria to grow and multiply. Urinary retention may be caused by kidney stones, an enlarged prostate, nerve or muscle damage, pregnancy or structural abnormalities in the urinary tract, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Surgical correction of the underlying condition may be needed to stop recurrent infections.

Irritation

Post-menopausal women are at the highest risk for urinary tract infections. Estrogen loss thins the walls of the urinary tract, causing inflammation and reducing the ability to resist bacteria. Allergic reactions to certain soaps, oils, perfumes and bath products may cause tiny injuries to the urethra, making recurrent infections more likely, according to ACOG.


source : livestrong.com

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