Supplements to Improve Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms

Supplements to Improve Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, is an inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness and eventual loss of function in the joints. It affects about 1.3 million people in the U.S. and occurs in all races and ethnic groups, reports the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Often beginning in middle age, about two to three times as many women as men have RA. Some supplements may help improve RA symptoms, but talk to your doctor before taking any to ensure they are appropriate for you.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are present in oils from fish and other sea creatures. You can also get omega-3s from fish oil supplements. According to J.M. Kremer, of the Division of Rheumatology at Albany Medical College in New York, in a 2000 article in the "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition," studies suggest that the beneficial effects of omega-3s on RA are usually not apparent until supplements are consumed for 12 weeks or longer. Supplements decrease the release of certain inflammatory mediators, and several investigators report that RA patients can decrease or stop taking certain anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis medications. More studies are still necessary to determine if omega-3s are effective in the treatment of RA. Fish oil can interact with certain medication, so talk to your doctor before taking these supplements.

Calcium and Vitamin D

The John Hopkins Arthritis Center reports that those with RA are at an increased risk of osteoporosis due to lack of certain vitamins in minerals in the diet, as well as from steroid therapy for RA and menopause. Taking calcium supplements with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium, may decrease your risk of osteoporosis.

Selenium and Vitamin E

Many individuals with RA have some vitamin and mineral deficiencies. The John Hopkins Arthritis Center suggests that increasing your intake of selenium and vitamin E may decrease damage by free radicals to your joints, helping to decrease joint swelling and pain.

Other Vitamins

Those with RA may also be deficient in folic acid, magnesium, zinc and vitamin C, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, reports the John Hopkins Arthritis Center. Although many experts recommend that food be the primary source of these vitamins and minerals, taking supplements may be necessary to fulfill nutritional needs.

Plant Oils

The Mayo Clinic reports that plant oils containing a certain type of fatty acid may help with rheumatoid arthritis pain and morning stiffness. These oils are present in the seeds of evening primrose, borage and black current. However, some plant oils can interfere with other medications and cause liver damage, so talk to your doctor about whether plant oils are right for you.

Thunder God Vine

Traditional Chinese medicine uses the peeled root of thunder god vine to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The Mayo Clinic reports that some studies indicate that it may be helpful in treating RA. However, taking thunder god vine does have side effects such as diarrhea, menstrual changes and hair loss.

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Omega-3 and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Omega-3 and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

One in five or 22 percent of the adults in the United States report having a doctor diagnosis of arthritis, according to the Center for Disease Control. The use of omega-3 fatty acids reduces inflammation associated with chronic diseases, such as arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease, and omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory effects.

Fish Oil, Olive Oil and Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms

A study in the 2005 journal "Nutrition" led by researcher A.A. Berbert explains the effects of supplementation with fish oil alone and fish oil with olive oil together compared with a placebo in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Significant improvement was seen at three months and at six months with both fish oil alone and fish oil and olive oil together. More specifically, improvements were seen in the duration of morning joint stiffness, hand-grip strength and joint-pain intensity. The supplemented amount was 3 g fish oil and 9.7 mL olive oil daily.

Omega-3 as Adjuvant Therapy

Omega-3 makes an effective adjuvant therapy to other treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. This means omega-3s could potentially lower a dose of prescription arthritis medications or could decrease the number of doctor or other therapeutic visits. A study in the 2007 journal "Pain" led by researcher R.J. Goldberg analyzed studies which used omega-3s for pain and inflammation and found that people using omega-3s for three to four months showed a decreased use of anti-inflammatory medications as well as a decrease in morning joint stiffness and pain.

Mechanism of Fish Oil for Arthritis

The way in which fish oil decreases inflammation to decrease pain and use of anti-inflammatories is documented in research. A 2006 study in the "Journal of Rheumatology," led by researcher Leslie Cleland, explains that fish oil uses a similar pathway as anti-inflammatory medications. Fish oil prevents a certain pathway, which is known as the COX pathway that leads to prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins are molecules that mediate contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue throughout the body and are associated with inflammation. Therefore, an inhibitive effect on this pathway decreases pain and inflammation.

Omega-3 Sources

Omega-3 fatty acid food sources include flaxseeds, flaxseed oil, walnuts, salmon, sardines, halibut, tuna, trout, herring, soybean oil, soy nuts, hemp seeds and pumpkin seeds. Omega-3s can be obtained in a supplement as well in the form of a capsule or soft gel. Always discuss taking supplements with a physician to prevent any adverse side effects.

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What Foods Inflame Rheumatoid Arthritis?

What Foods Inflame Rheumatoid Arthritis?

The influence of nutrition on inflammation has been studied since the 1930s, with results showing a number of possible food hypersensitivities and allergies that could increase inflammation. Since food sensitivities do not affect every rheumatoid arthritis patient, foods should be eliminated from the diet one at a time and then added back in to determine your individual reaction. Work with a dietitian when considering eliminating food groups from your diet.

Meat and Dairy

A study at the University of Oslo in Norway found intestinal fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients had higher levels of antibodies to proteins from cow's milk, eggs, codfish, cereal and pork compared to those without arthritis. This study was performed in test tubes not individuals, but shows the problem could begin in the gut. Dairy products have been shown to affect individuals in other studies, as well. Work with a physician and dietitian when trying an elimination diet.

Gluten

A study in Sweden found a gluten-free vegan diet improved symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Antibodies against gliadin, one of the gluten proteins, as well as arthritis symptoms decreased in those patients on eating the gluten-free vegan diet, but not in those eating the regular diet. Work with a dietitian and physician if considering elimination of gluten from the diet.

Alfalfa Seeds and Sprouts

Alfalfa may cause the immune system to become active and could lead to a flare-up of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and multiple sclerosis. While this reaction has been seen in only a few people, it is best to avoid alfalfa in any form until more is known.

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Foods to Avoid With RA

Foods to Avoid With RA

Rheumatoid arthritis, commonly referred to as RA in the medical community, is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects your joints and surrounding tissues, according to Arthritis Today. The influence of nutrition on arthritis inflammation has led many health providers to conclude that food hypersensitivities and allergies can trigger arthritis symptoms. Since food sensitivities do not affect every arthritis patient, you should test suspected foods to determine whether they render a reaction. Consult a health care nutritionist or dietitian before eliminating food sources from your diet.

Gluten

According to the Department of Rheumatology at Huddinge University Hospital, gluten-free vegan diets improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. In a study conducted by the university, researchers found that antibodies against the gluten protein gliadin decreased arthritis symptoms in participants eating a gluten-free vegan diet. However, the results were not the same for those participants who ate a regular diet. For best results, consult with your doctor before eliminating gluten from your diet.

Dairy Products and Meat

In a study conducted by the University of Oslo, researchers found intestinal fluids derived from rheumatoid arthritis participants contained elevated levels of antibodies to proteins from eggs, cow's milk, pork, cereal and codfish compared to those without arthritis. Since your body responds to infection threats by producing additional antibodies, this means that these foods can potentially inflame or aggravate your rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Speak with your physician about eliminating or replacing certain foods in your diet regimen.

Alfalfa Seeds and Sprouts

Alfalfa is an herb commonly used by people to make medicine. According to MedlinePlus, alfalfa can cause your immune system to become active, which can subsequently contribute to the flare-ups of autoimmune disease, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus. Although this reaction is experienced by a few people, try to avoid all forms of alfalfa until more is known about the herb.

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Diet & Rehumatoid Arthritis

Diet & Rehumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that causes joint pain, swelling and stiffness. It typically affects more than one joint, and in advance cases, can also damage internal organs. Women are more likely to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, which has no known cure. Some health professionals suggest that avoiding or eating certain foods may help to improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. However, consult with your rheumatologist before making any changes to your diet.

Possible Causes and Other Symptoms

While there is no known cause of rheumatoid arthritis, it's possible that genes, environment and hormones play a role in the development of the condition, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Besides pain, inflammation and stiffness in your joints, symptoms can include weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, fever and swollen glands. Poor joint function, numbness or tingling in your hands and feet and joint deformation can also occur.

Foods that Make RA Worse

There is debate about whether some foods can make rheumatoid arthritis worse or trigger flares. However, there is evidence that what you eat can affect your symptoms. For instance, in a study published in September 2006 in "Gut," a group of researchers from Norway looked at food antibodies --- proteins your immune system produces when it detects a harmful substance --- in the gut. Your immune system can mistake food as a harmful substance. The resulting antibodies trigger reactions that can cause symptoms. The study indicates that people with rheumatoid arthritis have higher amounts of antibodies to proteins from cereal, codfish, cow's milk, eggs and pork than those who do not have the condition. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings. If you notice that these foods or others aggravate your symptoms, try eliminating them to see if your arthritis improves.

Foods that Help

Increasing foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids helps to reduce inflammation. The omega-3 fats eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are found in coldwater fish such as salmon, halibut, tuna and mackerel. Another omega-3 fat, alpha-linolenic acid, is found in foods such as flaxseed and walnut and their oils, as well as dark leafy vegetables.

Supplements

Adding certain types of supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids, to your diet might also provide relief. Avocado soybean unsaponifiables, natural extracts from avocado and soybeans, help to slow the deterioration of cartilage and to repair cartilage. Also, ginger contains active compounds, which reduce pain and inhibit the inflammatory chemicals tumor necrosis factor- alpha and cyclooxygenase-2, or COX-2 --- both of which contribute to rheumatoid arthritis.

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Diseases That Are Like Rheumatoid Arthritis

Diseases That Are Like Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease that causes joint pain in many parts of the body. This pain is typically seen or felt in the small joints of the wrists, fingers and feet. Because it is an inflammatory disease with body wide effects, symptoms such as fever, fatigue, malaise--not feeling well, loss of appetite and weight loss may occur in rheumatoid arthritis. There are a number of diseases that are like rheumatoid arthritis because they have some of its symptoms.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that involves deterioration of cartilage at joints. Cartilage is the part of joints that cushions the surfaces of the bones and allows smooth movement to occur. The Arthritis Foundation explains that osteoarthritis is characterized by deterioration of cartilage. This gives rise to symptoms similar to those seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Symptoms that osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis share are pain in the joint, joint stiffness and loss of movement at affected joints. Osteoarthritis is similar to rheumatoid arthritis because they share these symptoms.

Gout

Gout is a disease that is like rheumatoid arthritis because its symptoms are similar to those seen in rheumatoid arthritis. The symptoms of gout are red, swollen, warm and painful joints. The Mayo Clinic explains that it is caused by accumulation of urate crystals at a joint. The accumulated crystals induce inflammation at the joint, which then lead to the symptoms of gout.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

"The Autoimmune Connection: Essential Information for Women on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Getting on with Your Life," by Rita Baron-Faust and Jill P. Buyon says that lupus also called systemic lupus erythematosus looks a lot like rheumatic arthritis. Lupus like rheumatic arthritis is an autoimmune disease. It is a chronic--life long--inflammatory condition that can affect almost every part of the body including the joints. When lupus affects the joints, it is manifested as swelling, redness and stiffness in the affected joint. These are all symptoms also seen in rheumatoid arthritis.

Psoriatic Arthritis

The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library says that psoriatic arthritis is similar to rheumatic arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the joints. It occurs in people who have psoriasis--an inflammatory skin disease characterized by raised patches of skin with red bases and white flaky tops. The Arthritis Foundation reports that 5 to 23 percent of psoriasis sufferers will develop psoriatic arthritis. Symptoms of this condition that are similar to those seen in arthritis are joint pain, swelling at the joints and a feeling of warmth in the joints.

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Remedies for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Remedies for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, an autoimmune disease, attacks the joints, causing pain, inflammation and deformity. RA affects women two to three times more frequently than men and occurs most often between the age of 35 and 50, the Merck Manual reports. RA often affects joints symmetrically and progresses rapidly in the first six years, often leading to joint deformities within the first 10 years. Treatment decreases inflammation and suppresses the immune system to prevent permanent joint damage. Several classes of drugs are used to treat RA.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, commonly known as NSAIDS, are available in over-the-counter and prescription preparations. NSAIDS work by blocking prostaglandins, substances that can induce inflammation and pain. Aspirin doses high enough to decrease pain can cause toxic effects. NSAIDS, while effective for pain and inflammation, can have serious side effects, such as gastrointestinal irritation, headache, confusion, water retention, high blood pressure and low platelets, Merck warns.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids such as prednisone and methylprednisolone decrease inflammation and pain but can have serious side effects, especially when taken long term. Corticosteroids work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. Thinning skin, easy bruisability, mood changes, osteoporosis, fluid retention, weight gain, cataract formation and diabetes may occur in people taking corticosteroids, reports MayoClinic.com. Corticosteroids are often used short-term for acute flare-ups of RA and may be injected directly into a joint.

Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs

Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, known as DMARDS, work more slowly and have more side effects than NSAIDS or corticosteroids, taking up to several months before improvement occurs, notes Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center. DMARDS can slow disease progression in up to two-thirds of patients, Merck claims, but the various drugs can have significant side effects. Rheumatrex, also prescribed as Trexall, the first-line DMARD therapy for RA in most cases, and Arava can cause liver toxicity, while Plaquenil, an anti-malarial drug, can damage the retina of the eye. Azulfidine may induce allergic reactions in patients allergic to sulfa drugs. Other medications suppress bone marrow and can cause serious lung infections.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, known as TNF-Alpha inhibitors, block the effects of TNF-alpha, which causes inflammatory reactions in the body. Enbrel, Remicade and Humira are TNF-alpha inhibitors; the drugs start to work within one to two weeks. Serious side effects including blood disorders, congestive heart failure and lymphoma can occur, according to MayoClinic.com.

Immunosuppressants

Medications that suppress the immune system used to treat RA include cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and cyclosporine. Because they suppress the immune system's response to bacteria, serious infection can occur.

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5 Things You Need to Know About Medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis

1. Oh, Those Aching Joints

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammation of the joints. It affects most joints of the body: shoulders, knees, wrists, elbows, fingers and feet. The joint typically swells and is painful. RA is symmetrical, meaning it attacks the same joint on both sides of the body. RA is an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks the tissues of the joints. There is no cure for RA and the only available treatment is with medications, which can do something as simple as alleviate pain or go up to targeting the body's immune system.

2. Relieve, Reduce and Improve

The goal of rheumatoid arthritis medications is to relieve and reduce symptoms and improve the function of the affected joints as well as the quality of life for RA sufferers. Medications are designed to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. They can also prevent possible damage to and deformity of the joint by achieving and maintaining remission of the disease. The type of medication you are given depends on the progress of the disease and the severity of the symptoms.

3. The First Line of Defense

The most common drug treatment for those with RA usually involves nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). These would include Advil or Motrin (ibuprofen), Aleve (naproxen) and Relafen (nabumetone). In the mid-1990s, a subset of NSAIDs called COX-2 inhibitors were developed, which impede the enzyme responsible for the swelling and pain associated with RA. These include Celebrex, Vioxx and Bextra. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), which act on the body's immune system, are becoming more popular to treat early-stage RA. These include cyclosporine, gold, methotrexate and sulfasalazine.

4. Calling Out the Heavy Hitters

In some cases, RA does not respond to any standard treatments. Other forms of medications beyond NSAIDs and DMARDs must be called upon. These are called biologic response modifiers and were introduced in the United States in the late 1990s. These, too, stimulate the immune system to fight joint inflammation by targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a protein found in high levels in the presence of certain inflammations. These intravenous drugs have had success in alleviating symptoms of RA.

5. Giving RA the Old One-two Combination

An effective and less risky form of treatment to fight RA is to use a combination of a biologic response modifier together with a standard NSAID or DMARD. Since some rheumatoid arthritis medications can have serious side effects such as liver disease or birth defects, using combination therapy allows for a lower dose of each drug to be used and thus reducing any potential side effects. Combination therapy has shown to be effective in treating symptoms and inducing remission of RA.

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Medications Used for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Medications Used for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by inflammation of the lining of the joints. It causes painful swelling and stiffness of the joints, which may result in permanent damage and long term disability. Although the joints are the primary target of the illness, other body systems can also be affected, including the eyes, heart and lungs. Several different classes of medicines are used to control the pain and joint destruction associated with RA.

NSAIDs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) were once the first choice of treatment for RA. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases reports that the use of more potent drugs is now the preferred treatment for early stage disease. However, for mild disease or when other drugs are not tolerated, NSAIDs can be used to treat pain and inflammation.

Over-the-counter NSAIDs include aspirin and ibuprofen. These drugs work by blocking the production of inflammatory substances called prostaglandins.

The cox-2 inhibitor Celebrex is available as a prescription medication for the pain and inflammation of RA. This drug works like other NSAIDs but is gentler on the stomach and intestinal lining.

Corticosteroids

The steroids prednisone and methylprednisolone are used to ease pain, swelling and inflammation. These drugs are sometimes used in combination with other medications and are then tapered when the other medications take effect. Steroids suppress the immune system. They are generally for short term use due to potential toxicity.

Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs

A class of drugs known as DMARDs is used to influence the underlying process of RA. These medications usually control pain, swelling and inflammation, and can prevent damage to the joints.

Methotrexate is the most commonly prescribed of the DMARD medications, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. It may take four to six weeks to achieve the full benefit of the drug. Methotrexate is fairly well tolerated but can have serious negative effects, including liver and lung damage. The Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center states that many side effects can be reduced with folic acid supplementation.

Chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial drugs used either alone or in combination with methotrexate, and other DMARDs. These drugs potentially can be damaging to the eyes.

Sulfasalazine is another DMARD that is often combined with other drugs, such as methotrexate and hydroxychloroquin. The most common side effect is gastrointestinal upset.

Biologic Response Modifiers

Biologic response modifiers are the next choice of treatment if DMARD therapy fails, or some of them may be used in combination with DMARDs. These agents can work quickly to reduce pain and inflammation and help prevent destruction of the joints. They are all given by injection or intravenously.

Tumor necrosis factor, or TNF, is an inflammatory substance made by the body. The drugs infliximab, and etanercept are two of the most commonly prescribed agents used to block TNF. These TNF inhibitors are usually very effective in reducing the pain and swelling of RA. They can also slow or eliminate destruction of the joints.

Interleukin-1 inhibitors block the action of inflammatory substances in the body and are given by daily injection. The most often reported side effect is itching and redness at the injection site.

Rituximab is what is known as a monoclonal antibody. It attaches to and destroys B cells, which helps to reduce inflammation in the body. It may take up to three months to see benefit from this drug. People may experience fever, chills, itching and difficulty breathing with infusions of Rituximab, especially the first one.

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Drugs to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "is a systemic inflammatory disease which manifests itself in multiple joints of the body." Management of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms includes medications such as NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs), steroids, biologic agents, immunosuppressive and antimalarial drugs. Expect severe cases of RA to require a combination of medications for effective symptom relief.

NSAIDs

NSAIDs used primarily as pain relief for rheumatoid arthritis symptoms work to reduce inflammation and pain by blocking prostaglandins, which are hormones that cause muscles to constrict and relax. The University of Maryland Medical Center reports over-the-counter NSAIDS used for pain control include ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil and Nuprin), ketoprofen (Orudis KT) and naproxen (Aleve) with higher dosages available by prescription. Other prescription NSAIDs include meloxicam (Mobic), flurbiprofen (Ansaid) and tolmetin (Tolectin). Major possible side effects of NSAIDs include the risk of heart attack, ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding.

DMARDs

UpToDate, an online medical educational resource, describes DMARDs as a group of medications that decrease pain by suppressing the activity of the inflammatory system. DMARDs include many drugs used for other medical conditions. The most common DMARDs include methotrexate (originally used as chemotherapy for cancer), sulfasalazine (used for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's), hydroxychloroquine (a malaria drug), cyclosporine (an anti-rejection drug) and azathioprine (a cancer and anti-rejection medication). Side effects of DMARDs include nausea, liver damage and rash.

Corticosteroids

Treatment for an acute phase of rheumatoid arthritis includes the use of corticosteroids such as prednisone and methylprednisolone to reduce joint pain and inflammation The Mayo Clinic reports that the short-term use is beneficial, but long-term use has the potential for serious side effects such as bone thinning, diabetes and cataracts.

TNF-alpha Inhibitors

Etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade) and adalimumab (Humira) are TNF-alpha inhibitors used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis to slow the progression of the damage caused by RA. Complications of TNF-alpha treatment include injection site or infusion reactions, heart failure and malignancy.

Other

The National Institutes of Health reports that on January 11, 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved tocilizumab (Actemra) as a drug for use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its targeted use is for people with inadequate response to other RA drugs. The action of Actemra blocks interleukin-6, an immune system protein. Side effects include upper respiratory infection, headache and high blood pressure

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Vitamin B12 Injections & Rheumatoid Arthritis

Vitamin B12 Injections & Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that causes pain and inflammation in joints, affects about 1.3 million Americans, according to the Arthritis Foundation. Onset of RA often occurs in the 20s and 30s, and disproportionally affects women. Many patients with RA are also anemic -- roughly 30 to 60 percent, according to the Society for the Advancement of Blood Management. Often, individuals with a certain types of anemia are deficient in vitamin B-12.

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Anemia

Rheumatoid arthritis is a known cause of aplastic anemia, according to the Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Experts have been aware of the link between pernicious anemia and the autoimmune joint disease since at least the 1970s. Both types of anemia, like RA, are autoimmune disorders and can lead to vitamin B-12 malabsorption. The Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation explains that low vitamin B-12 levels reduces the production of blood cells, which leads to a drop in the number of platelets as well as red and white blood cells.

Anemia and B-12

The National Institutes of Health reports that people with certain types of anemia usually require lifelong vitamin B12 replacement, often in the form of injections. Anemia can cause destruction of stomach cells by the body's own defense system, according to the Linus Pauling Institute. Without treatment, the condition can lead to decreased secretion of acids and enzymes necessary for absorbing vitamin B-12. In order to restore B-12 levels in the blood, patients need intramuscular injections that bypass the intestines.

Artery Disease

In a 1997 study published in the journal "Arthritis and Rheumatism," researchers found that patients with RA who were not on the drug methionine had higher levels of homocysteine in their blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid that, in large concentrations, could cause artery damage and increase the risk of blood clots. Those taking the drug had normal blood levels of the amino acid. Vitamin B-12 shots, along with other B vitamins, could reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality in a subgroup of patients with RA. Death from heart disease is 50 percent higher in RA patients compared with other populations, according to a 2008 study published in the same journal.

Dose

Rheumatoid arthritis patients with anemia need more than the 2.4 mcg of vitamin B-12 recommended for healthy adults. For these individuals, a 1 mg dose can provide therapeutic effectiveness. For those who would rather take an oral vitamin, a 1998 study published in the journal "Blood," found that oral vitamin B-12 is just as effective as an intramuscular injection. A combination of 400 IU of vitamin B-12, along with 1 mg of folic acid and 10 mg vitamin B-6 significantly decreased homocysteine levels in coronary patients, according to 2002 study published in the "Journal of the American Medical Association."

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Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment and Medications

Overview

Joint pain and damage are a result of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The disease attacks the joint linings causing painful inflammation that can lead to eventual deformities. Rheumatoid arthritis can interfere with daily activities with its throbbing, aching symptoms. There is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis. Most treatment is designed to minimize pain and teach patients how to work around the symptoms.

NSAIDS

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as Advil, Motrin and Aleve can help to reduce the inflammation caused by RA while relieving the pain.

Steroids

Corticosteroids, such as prednisone and methylprednisolone, minimize the pain and swelling and can slow down the rate of damage.

DMARDs

Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as Plaquenil and Ridaura, are used in the early stages of the disease to slow the degeneration of the joints.

Immunosuppressants

Immunosuppressants work on the immune system to get rid of cells attributed to RA.

Surgery

Surgery sometimes is warranted when there is no lignin left and the pain is excruciating. Surgery may involve partial or total joint replacement.

Exercise

Exercise meant to strengthen the muscles that surround the joints can help extend mobility for people with the degenerative joint disease.

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Over-the-Counter Vitamins for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Over-the-Counter Vitamins for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease, affects nearly 1 percent of Americans, according to the Arthritis Foundation. Although not firmly established, genetic markers and environmental aspects seem to play a role in developing RA. RA affects your joints, causing swelling, inflammation and pain. Inflammation may lead to fatigue, depression, anemia, loss of appetite and low-grade fever. Over-the-counter vitamins may help relieve some of these symptoms in conjunction with conventional therapy, but check with your physician.

Vitamin B-6

Vitamin B-6 deficiency is well-documented in individuals with RA, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. It also states that the inflammation process in RA may cause this lower vitamin B-6 level. A 2010 study in the "European Journal of Clinical Nutrition" followed 35 adults with RA who were given 100 mg of vitamin B-6 plus folic acid. The recommended dietary allowance for adults is 1.3 mg. After 12 weeks, the study concluded that this large dose of vitamin B-6 helped relieve the inflammatory process. Talk to your doctor before taking any supplements.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D, through its interaction with calcium, plays a vital role in maintaining healthy bones and possibly immune functioning. A 2004 article in the journal "Arthritis and Rheumatism" reported on an 11-year study that followed over 29,000 women in regards to their vitamin D intake. Of these women, 152 developed RA. Upon analyzing the data, the study concluded that the lower the amount of vitamin D consumed, the higher the risk for developing RA.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that neutralizes cell-damaging free radicals and boosts the immune system in order to fight off bacterial and viral infections. It is also thought to possess analgesic properties. In the journal "Annals of Rheumatic Disease," a 1997 study put this hypothesis to the test in reference to the pain caused by RA. In a double-blind study, 42 patients were administered 600 mg of vitamin E twice daily for 12 weeks, after which they were found to have a significant, but small, decrease in pain.

Folate

Methotrexate is a drug commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and is referred to as a group of drugs called disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, according to the University of Washington Medicine. It helps by decreasing pain and swelling. However, it also alters the way the body metabolizes folate, or folic acid, which is needed for cell growth. Supplementing with folate may help decrease the side effects of methotrexate, which include liver inflammation, mouth sores and nausea.

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Alternatives to NSAID Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Alternatives to NSAID Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease where your body's immune system attacks your joints. This can result in significant pain, swelling and loss of function in your joints, particularly in your hands and wrist. According to Medline Plus, women between the ages of 25 and 55 are most likely to develop RA. Researchers have not identified a cause and there is no known cure. Therefore, doctors rely on medications, therapy and surgery to treat the symptoms of RA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common drugs used to treat RA; however, there are other alternatives that you should be aware of.

Therapy

Ask your doctor if therapy can improve your symptoms and help you complete your daily activities. According to the Mayo Clinic, an occupational therapist can help you find different ways to approach everyday tasks in order to take stress off your painful joints. Your doctor may also prescribe assistive devices to help you complete these tasks. You must make your therapy sessions purposeful, and commit to learning the new exercises and techniques taught to you by your therapist in order to gain the most benefit.

Steroids

Medications may be necessary to treat RA and prevent the worsening of this disease. Many of the other prescribed medications are designed to reduce the damage that your immune system is causing to your joints. Unfortunately, these medications can cause serious side effects. For example, steroids are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and pain. Side effects of steroids include easy bruising, thinning of bones, cataracts, weight gain, a round face and diabetes, states the Mayo Clinic.

Anti-Cancer Drugs

Often anti-cancer drugs are prescribed in more serious cases. These drugs can slow the progression of RA by reducing inflammatory substances produced by your body. These drugs include disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (methotrexate, hydroxychlorquine and others), immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclosporine and others), TNF-alpha inhibitors (etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab) and other drugs (anakinra, abatacept and rituximab). These drugs have significant side effects that can cause liver damage, severe infections, congestive heart failure, blood disorders and lymphoma. Make sure you fully discuss your dosage schedule with your doctor, because improper use can cause serious damage. Immediately let your doctor know if you are experiencing any of these side effects.

Surgery

Surgery is another alternative to NSAID treatment for RA. Surgery may be recommended if you have damaged or deformed joints. According to the Mayo Clinic, your doctor may recommend a joint replacement, tendon repair, removal of the inflamed portions of the joint or a joint fusion. Be sure to fully discuss this option with your doctor, because there are associated risks of bleeding, infection and pain with surgery. However, this may be the best option to treat your RA symptoms.

source : livestrong.com

Flaxseed Oil for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Flaxseed Oil for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic disorder that typically affects small joints, like those in the hands and feet, is an inflammatory condition caused by an autoimmune reaction, in which the lining of the joint is attacked by the body's immune system causing pain and swelling. It is not curable, but there are several treatments available to treat the symptoms. Some supplements, like flaxseed oil, are said to help relieve symptoms as well and should be reviewed with a health care professional.

Significance

According to the Arthritis Foundation, approximately 1.3 million individuals in America are living with rheumatoid arthritis, or RA. Women make up the majority of sufferers -- 70 percent of individuals with RA are women. The Arthritis Foundation states that the condition is typically diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 50.

Features

RA develops along a continuum of three stages. The first stage consists of the swelling of the synovial lining of the joint, causing inflammation, warmth and joint pain, the Arthritis Foundation says. The second stage occurs when the cells in the lining of the joint divide rapidly, causing the joint lining to thicken. Lastly, in the third stage, these cells release an enzyme that may break down bone and cartilage, causing more joint pain, loss of movement and misshapen joints, according to the Arthritis Foundation.

Treatment

There are various treatments for RA, depending on the symptoms and severity. The Mayo Clinic website lists some of the available drug treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; steroids; disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs such as methotrexate, immunosuppressants and TNF-alpha inhibitors. Occupational therapy may be beneficial to increase joint mobility, assistive devices can help relieve stresses on joints, and in severe cases of RA, surgery may be necessary to correct joints that have been damaged by RA.

Flaxseed Oil Benefits

Some individuals find that supplements help relieve symptoms of RA, and flaxseed oil is one such supplement. According to Arthritis Today, flaxseed contains an omega-3 fatty acid called alpha-linolenic acid. Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and may help relieve the swelling and inflammation associated with RA, although study results are mixed. More studies need to be done to explore the definitive benefits of flaxseed oil for RA.

Warning

Flaxseed oil may interfere with other medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as cancer or high cholesterol, need to be careful when taking this supplement as well. Prior to starting supplementation with flaxseed oil, it is best to talk with a health care professional to avoid any adverse medication interactions or side effects related to a medical condition.

source : livestrong.com

Diet that Is Good for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Diet that Is Good for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory condition of the small joints of the feet and hands. This condition affects 1 percent of the population worldwide, including over 1 million Americans, according to 2008 information from the Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Some dietary products have anti-inflammatory effects and may benefit inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. If you suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and are considering changing your diet, talk to a nutritionist first.

The Link Between Diet and RA

The results of a study published in December 1991 in "Clinical Rheumatology" indicate that dietary changes can help improve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. This was a questionnaire-based study involving 742 patients. Of the participants, 290 were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and the rest were suffering from other forms of inflammatory arthritis. Less pain and stiffness was reported by 46 percent of the participants and 36 percent indicated reduced joint inflammation when changing their diets. Fifteen percent of the participants with rheumatoid arthritis tried fasting -- and 50 percent from this group experienced less pain, swelling and joint stiffness.

Focus on "Anti-inflammatory" Foods

For rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic diseases, eating a diet low in saturated fat and high in fruits and vegetables is essential because fats trigger inflammatory effects in the body, states University of Maryland, Medical Center. Healthy fats are found in fish and in the white meat from chicken or turkey. Olive oil, flax, grape seed and fish oil are good sources of healthy fats and provide omega-3 fatty acids, which help reduce joint swelling. Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts and sprouts because they have anti-inflammatory effects on joints and are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. Add more vegetable sources of protein, such as beans, peas, lentils, nuts, spinach and broccoli, to your diet.

Avoid "Inflammatory" Foods

Red meat contains arachadonic acid, a compound that triggers inflammation. Avoiding red meat helps decrease inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, red meat, as well as margarine, fried foods and highly processed foods contain saturated fats and omega-6 fatty acids, which can further stimulate inflammatory responses in the body.

Considerations

Diet modification appears to be beneficial for individuals suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Consult a nutritionist to recommend a healthy "anti-inflammatory" diet that provides a good balance of all the nutrients essential for your health. Exercise, especially low-impact weight-bearing exercises help keep your bones and joints strong. Keep in mind that a healthy diet does not replace, and should not be used to replace, any medication for rheumatoid arthritis you are currently taking.

source : livestrong.com

Flax & Rheumatoid Arthritis

Flax & Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis is a challenging condition to live with and treat. It is a chronic condition, and many patients turn to complementary therapies to try to manage the pain and stiffness. One of those complementary therapies is the use of flaxseed. Even though some patients may benefit from taking it, flaxseed should only be used under medical supervision, as there can be side effects and interactions with other medications.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition, which means the immune system is attacking itself. The exact cause of RA is still not known, however, this disease attacks the synovial lining of the joints, leading to inflammation, stiffness, pain and joint deformity. RA can also affect the eyes, mouth, lungs and heart and may cause fatigue and a general sense of not feeling well. Each case is different, and for some, the symptoms are mild, while others can become disabled. Treating RA requires a multidisciplinary approach, and the goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms and maintain mobility.

Flaxseed

Flaxseeds come from the flax plant, and the seeds contain fiber, protein and lignans, which are compounds similar to the hormone estrogen and the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, or ALA. ALA is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that may help to fight inflammation, and it may be useful in the treatment of many inflammatory conditions, such as heart disease, digestive diseases and arthritis, reports the University of Maryland Medical Center. You can add ground flaxseed to foods or take flaxseed capsules or oil.

Benefits

To date there is not enough research to prove if taking flaxseed can help manage the symptoms of RA, however omega-3 fatty acids are known to reduce inflammation, notes the Arthritis Foundation. Some patients taking flaxseed may experience a reduction in pain, stiffness and swelling. Since the benefits of flaxseed are still being studied, there is no known dose that improves symptoms, however, a general guideline is to take 30 g daily if using ground flaxseed or capsules or 1 to 3 tbsp. of flaxseed oil each day.

Precautions

Flaxseed also acts as a laxative and may cause side effects such as upset stomach, diarrhea, bloating, gas, constipation, abdominal cramps, nausea and others. Drinking plenty of water while taking flaxseed may help to prevent some of the above symptoms. The safety of flaxseed has not been fully studied in women who are pregnant or nursing. Flaxseed also contains chemicals that act as blood thinners, so it should not be used if you have a bleeding disorder or take other blood-thinning medications. In some patients, flaxseed can cause a drop in blood sugar levels or an increase in triglyceride levels. Flaxseed may affect the way many other medications work in the body, so it should only be used under medical supervision.

source : livestrong.com

Vitamins for Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Vitamins for Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the lining of the joints, especially the joints of the hands and feet. This form of arthritis is more common in women and is characterized by swelling and redness of the affected areas, which may lead to the destruction of joints. Vitamins D, C and E may help women suffering from this condition.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is essential for absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D helps maintain healthy bones and is also an immune system regulator. This vitamin is also linked with healthy body weight and may protect the body against environmental toxins and low-level radiation, which would provide additional benefit for women suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.



According to a study published in April 2010 on Medical News Today, women who live in the northeastern parts of the United States have increased chances to develop rheumatoid arthritis. The author, Dr. Verónica Vieira, MS, DSc suggests a link between autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and vitamin D deficiency. Another study conducted by L.A. Merlino and colleagues published in the November 2004 issue of "Rheumatology and Arthritis" analyzed the link between vitamin D and the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis. The study included almost 30,000 women of ages 55 to 69 years without rheumatoid arthritis. The authors concluded that greater intake of this vitamin may be linked with a decrease risk of rheumatoid arthritis in older women.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is an immune system booster, destroys free radicals and aids in pain relief due to its anti-inflammatory effects, according to Dr. James Balch, M.D. and co-author of "Prescriptions for Natural Healing." Vitamin C is also important for the repair of collagen fibers and connective tissue found in the joints. Therefore, Dr. Balch believes that it is important for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. He also recommends the buffered form of vitamin C along with bioflavonoids, which are substances that increase the activity of vitamin C in the body.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E may benefit women suffering from rheumatoid arthritis because it is a powerful antioxidant that protects the joints from free radical damage. Vitamin E also helps to improve circulation and is necessary for tissue repair. Adequate levels of this vitamin in the body help maintain healthy nerves and joints.



According to Cheryl Koch, CNSD from Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center, the most frequent vitamin and mineral deficiencies found in men and women with rheumatoid arthritis include vitamin E as well as folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, calcium, magnesium, zinc and selenium. Therefore, getting enough of these vitamins and nutrients either from diet or supplementation will improve nutritional status for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Considerations

Vitamin supplementation does not replace the conventional or alternative treatments for this condition. Consult a qualified practitioner to find out possible side effects, interactions and optimal dosage of these vitamins.

source : livestrong.com

Fish Oil Tablets for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Fish Oil Tablets for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that affects the joints. Characterized by pain, swelling and inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the thin layer of tissue that lines the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive condition and if untreated can eventually destroy the joints. Although there is no cure for this condition, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs help to keep symptoms under control and slow disease progression. Fish oil may also help to reduce joint stiffness and inflammation, although it should not be used in place of medical treatments. Get medical clearance before adding it your treatment program.

Properties and Potential Benefits

Fish oil is derived from the flesh of oily fish and is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. A type of polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3 fatty acids are sometimes referred to as "good" fats and may play a role of the treatment of numerous ailments including asthma, high cholesterol, cancer, depression and schizophrenia. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that omega-3 fatty acids may also help to relieve joint tenderness in rheumatoid arthritis patients, but adds that there is little evidence to suggest they can prevent or treat joint damage.

Administration

Fatty fish such as tuna, halibut or cod liver is a rich source of fish oil. However, many people find taking fish oil capsules more convenient. UMMC notes that up to 2.6 of fish oil may be taken daily to help reduce inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.This is only a guideline. Check with your doctor that this dose is safe and appropriate for you.

Effectiveness

The results of a clinical study published in the February 2005 issue of "Nutrition" show that fish oil helps to relieve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Specifically, fish oil helped to alleviate joint pain, improved hand-grip strength and reduced the duration of morning stiffness. The findings of an earlier study, published in the October 2007 issue of the "Journal of Rheumatology" also found that fish oil supplements improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

Safety Considerations

Fish oil may cause side effects including bad breath, nausea, loose stools and nose bleeds although taking fish oil in capsules can help to minimize these effects. Don't take more than 3 g daily except under your doctor's guidance; high doses may have a blood thinning effect and may make you more prone to bleeding. High doses might also reduce your immunity. Bear in mind that fish oil capsules may interact with other medicines you may be taking including the weight loss drug, orlistat, and the birth control pill.

source : livestrong.com

Curcumin for Rheumatoid Arthritis Inflammation

Curcumin for Rheumatoid Arthritis Inflammation

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by swollen and painful joints. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the tissue that lines the joints. Without treatment, it may eventually damage the entire joint. In addition to preventing to joint damage, prescription medicines, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and disease-modifying drugs, also help to alleviate pain and inflammation. Some natural remedies, including curcumin, may also help to reduce swelling and pain. Don't, however, use it in place of the drugs your doctor prescribes. Ask you doctor whether incorporating curcumin in your treatment plan will be beneficial for you.

Properties

Curcumin is a compound found in turmeric, a spice commonly used in cooking. It is also used as an alternative treatment for a variety of disorders, including osteoarthritis, menstrual pain and rheumatoid arthritis. Turmeric contains other biologically active compounds including volatile oils. However, the Mississippi Baptist Health Systems notes that curcumin is likely responsible for turmeric's anti-inflammatory effects, adding that it may even be as powerful as ibuprofen, a commonly taken over-the-counter pain reliever.

Administration

You can obtain curcumin by taking a turmeric supplement. Turmeric is often supplied as a powder, but you also take it in capsules or tablets. The University of Maryland Medical Center suggests taking 400 mg of a standardized extract of turmeric three times daily to help alleviate RA symptoms. Bear in mind that this is only a guideline. UMMC adds that some people combine turmeric with a plant-based enzyme known as bromelain. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before taking turmeric to establish a suitable dose for you.

Effectiveness

An article published in a 2007 edition of "Advances and Experimental Medicine and Biology" noted that evidence suggests curcumin can prevent autoimmune diseases, including RA, by regulating the levels of certain inflammatory chemicals such as IL-1beta and IFN-gamma. The results of a study published in the November 2006 issue of "Arthritis and Rheumatism" showed that turmeric inhibits joint inflammation and joint destruction in a dose-dependent manner. However, the study was performed in an animal model of RA, not in people with this condition.

Safety Considerations

Turmeric is likely safe for most people, according to RxList.com. In addition, it listed on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's "generally recognized as safe list." However, it may cause diarrhea and nausea. Mississippi Baptist Health Systems notes that taking turmeric for long periods may cause liver toxicity. Don't take turmeric if you have a liver problem or gallbladder disease. Avoid taking medicinal quantities of turmeric if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. It may interact with other medicines you may be taking, including anticoagulants.

source : livestrong.com