Dosage Needed for Fish Oil Benefits for Osteoarthritis

Dosage Needed for Fish Oil Benefits for Osteoarthritis

Overview

Osteoarthritis is a common form of arthritis that occurs when cartilage, a rubbery material that cushions the joints, wears away allowing the bones to rub together. As a result, people with this condition experience painful, stiff and swollen joints. There is no cure for osteoarthritis but anti-inflammatory medicines help reduce symptoms. If you suffer from this condition, you can help yourself by losing excess weight and taking plenty of exercise such as walking and swimming to help improve joint mobility. Fish oil might also help to alleviate symptoms, although evidence to prove this is limited. Get medical advice before taking a fish oil supplement.

Properties and Potential Benefits

Fish oil is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, known as omega-3 fatty acids that might play a role in the treatment of several medical conditions, including cancer, asthma, cardiovascular disease and ulcerative colitis, according to MedlinePlus. It may also be beneficial for individuals with arthritis, including osteoarthritis, and may work by helping to reduce pain and swelling.

Dosage

You can get fish oil by eating fatty fish such as tuna, salmon, herring and trout. However, for convenience and accurate dosing, it is also available as a dietary supplement in capsules or as a liquid. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that taking either one or two capsules, or 1 tbsp. of fish oil daily, may help to reduce inflammation in individuals with osteoarthritis. This is only intended as a guideline. Check with your health care provider whether or not this dose is suitable for you.

Effectiveness

Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of fish oil as a treatment for osteoarthritis are lacking. However, the results of a laboratory-based study published in the August 2002 issue of "The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society" show that omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil help to reduce the degradation and inflammation of cartilage cells. The authors conclude that omega-3 fatty acids may help to reduce inflammation associated with degenerative joint diseases. Clinical studies are needed to confirm these effects in people with osteoarthritis.

Safety Considerations

Taking up to 3 g of fish oil daily is likely safe, according to MedlinePlus. However, it may cause side effects including belching, heartburn and loose stools. Although fish oil supplements are freely available in most pharmacies and health food stores, they are not suitable for everyone. For example, fish oil is contraindicated in a number of conditions including liver disease, HIV and schizophrenia. It might also interact with other medicines including blood pressure medicines and the weight loss drug, orlistat.

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Fish Oil or Cod Oil Pills for Arthritis

Fish Oil or Cod Oil Pills for Arthritis

Overview

Fish oil and cod oil offer the same benefits for those with arthritis. However, they are more likely to improve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis than osteoarthritis. The omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil and cod oil may improve both joint pain and stiffness for RA sufferers. There is little difference between the two when it comes to arthritis treatment.

Arthritis Overview

There are several types of arthritis that involve swelling in or around the joints. The two most common types are osteoarthritis, or OA, and rheumatoid arthritis, or RA. In OA, the wear and tear on the joint leads to irritation and tissue inflammation, which causes pain. RA is caused by an autoimmune response, leading to swelling in the joints. Both types are painful, and can be treated with both over-the-counter drugs and prescription medications. Since inflammation causes many RA symptoms, most fish oil research has focused on this particular arthritis diagnosis.

Cod Oil Versus Fish Oil

Fish oil is extracted from coldwater fish, and may be sold in combined or individual forms. You can purchase a cod liver oil supplement, derived from cod fish liver or supplements comprised of oils taken from several species of fish such as sardine and herring. Cod liver oil contains substantial amounts of vitamin A that promotes fractures and inhibits bone growth in concentrated amounts, according to UC Berkeley Wellness Guide. Fish oil doesn't contain vitamin A.

Fish Oil and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Omega-3 fatty acids may reduce inflammation in the body, one of the complications of many chronic health conditions such as RA. Medline Plus recommends opting for fish oil with 3.8 g of EPA and 2 g of DHA daily for RA to reduce inflammation. Older people with severe osteoarthritis, which produces inflammation as well, usually take cod liver oil to ease pain and joint stiffness.

Arthritis Research

The research on fish oil for arthritis treatment has been promising. According to the literature reviewed by the University of Maryland Medical Center, regular fish oil supplements improve morning stiffness and pain in RA sufferers, and may reduce the need for anti-inflammatory painkillers. While fish oil reduces inflammation associated with arthritis, it's not a cure and does not stop joint damage, a symptom of this autoimmune disease.

Guidelines for Use

While fish oil is generally safe for most people, it can cause side effects such as digestive upset. In addition, fish oil interacts with certain medications, such as blood thinners or medications used to control blood sugar levels for diabetics. Because of the significant amount of vitamin A in cod liver oil, always consult your physician before adding it to your regiment.

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Supplements to Improve Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms

Supplements to Improve Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, is an inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness and eventual loss of function in the joints. It affects about 1.3 million people in the U.S. and occurs in all races and ethnic groups, reports the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Often beginning in middle age, about two to three times as many women as men have RA. Some supplements may help improve RA symptoms, but talk to your doctor before taking any to ensure they are appropriate for you.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are present in oils from fish and other sea creatures. You can also get omega-3s from fish oil supplements. According to J.M. Kremer, of the Division of Rheumatology at Albany Medical College in New York, in a 2000 article in the "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition," studies suggest that the beneficial effects of omega-3s on RA are usually not apparent until supplements are consumed for 12 weeks or longer. Supplements decrease the release of certain inflammatory mediators, and several investigators report that RA patients can decrease or stop taking certain anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis medications. More studies are still necessary to determine if omega-3s are effective in the treatment of RA. Fish oil can interact with certain medication, so talk to your doctor before taking these supplements.

Calcium and Vitamin D

The John Hopkins Arthritis Center reports that those with RA are at an increased risk of osteoporosis due to lack of certain vitamins in minerals in the diet, as well as from steroid therapy for RA and menopause. Taking calcium supplements with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium, may decrease your risk of osteoporosis.

Selenium and Vitamin E

Many individuals with RA have some vitamin and mineral deficiencies. The John Hopkins Arthritis Center suggests that increasing your intake of selenium and vitamin E may decrease damage by free radicals to your joints, helping to decrease joint swelling and pain.

Other Vitamins

Those with RA may also be deficient in folic acid, magnesium, zinc and vitamin C, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, reports the John Hopkins Arthritis Center. Although many experts recommend that food be the primary source of these vitamins and minerals, taking supplements may be necessary to fulfill nutritional needs.

Plant Oils

The Mayo Clinic reports that plant oils containing a certain type of fatty acid may help with rheumatoid arthritis pain and morning stiffness. These oils are present in the seeds of evening primrose, borage and black current. However, some plant oils can interfere with other medications and cause liver damage, so talk to your doctor about whether plant oils are right for you.

Thunder God Vine

Traditional Chinese medicine uses the peeled root of thunder god vine to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The Mayo Clinic reports that some studies indicate that it may be helpful in treating RA. However, taking thunder god vine does have side effects such as diarrhea, menstrual changes and hair loss.

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Omega-3 and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Omega-3 and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

One in five or 22 percent of the adults in the United States report having a doctor diagnosis of arthritis, according to the Center for Disease Control. The use of omega-3 fatty acids reduces inflammation associated with chronic diseases, such as arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease, and omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory effects.

Fish Oil, Olive Oil and Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms

A study in the 2005 journal "Nutrition" led by researcher A.A. Berbert explains the effects of supplementation with fish oil alone and fish oil with olive oil together compared with a placebo in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Significant improvement was seen at three months and at six months with both fish oil alone and fish oil and olive oil together. More specifically, improvements were seen in the duration of morning joint stiffness, hand-grip strength and joint-pain intensity. The supplemented amount was 3 g fish oil and 9.7 mL olive oil daily.

Omega-3 as Adjuvant Therapy

Omega-3 makes an effective adjuvant therapy to other treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. This means omega-3s could potentially lower a dose of prescription arthritis medications or could decrease the number of doctor or other therapeutic visits. A study in the 2007 journal "Pain" led by researcher R.J. Goldberg analyzed studies which used omega-3s for pain and inflammation and found that people using omega-3s for three to four months showed a decreased use of anti-inflammatory medications as well as a decrease in morning joint stiffness and pain.

Mechanism of Fish Oil for Arthritis

The way in which fish oil decreases inflammation to decrease pain and use of anti-inflammatories is documented in research. A 2006 study in the "Journal of Rheumatology," led by researcher Leslie Cleland, explains that fish oil uses a similar pathway as anti-inflammatory medications. Fish oil prevents a certain pathway, which is known as the COX pathway that leads to prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins are molecules that mediate contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue throughout the body and are associated with inflammation. Therefore, an inhibitive effect on this pathway decreases pain and inflammation.

Omega-3 Sources

Omega-3 fatty acid food sources include flaxseeds, flaxseed oil, walnuts, salmon, sardines, halibut, tuna, trout, herring, soybean oil, soy nuts, hemp seeds and pumpkin seeds. Omega-3s can be obtained in a supplement as well in the form of a capsule or soft gel. Always discuss taking supplements with a physician to prevent any adverse side effects.

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Foods to Heal Arthritis

Foods to Heal Arthritis

Over 100 different conditions produce joint inflammation and destruction, resulting in pain, swelling and stiffness of the affected joints. In addition to conventional or alternative therapies, a healthy diet rich in sulfur, omega 3 fatty acids and allergen-free may help improve arthritis symptoms.

Sulphur Containing Foods

Sulphur, an essential mineral necessary for gluthatione production, assists joint and bone repair. Vegetables such as garlic, onion, green leafy vegetables, and asparagus contain this nutrient. Some fruits contain sulphur as well, especially cherries and non-acidic fruits. Fruits and vegetables should be consumed fresh as often as possible, because uncooked and unprocessed fruits and vegetables provide other essential vitamins, minerals and nutrients with antioxidant properties. All these nutrients help further to reduce cellular damage and inflammation. Animal sources of sulphur include fish and eggs.

Omega 3 Containing Foods

Omega-3 fatty acids counter many health problems, including arthritis. Eicosapentaenoic acid, or EPA and docosahaenoic acid, or DHA are omega-3 fatty acids with strong anti-inflammatory properties.



Butter, olive oil, avocado, macadamia nut oil, raw coconut oil and cold water fish such as salmon, cod, haddock, halibut, mackerel and sardines provide an abundance of omega-3 essential fatty acids. Flax seeds, pumpkin seeds, sesame and sunflower seeds contain a significant amount of omega 3, as well. Eggs and poultry, fresh raw nuts such as almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, walnuts and pine nuts top the list of foods that helps heal arthritis due to their essential fatty acid content.

Allergen Free Diet

All individuals suffering from arthritis should check for possible foods allergies. Food allergies trigger inflammation and aggravate arthritic symptoms, especially in rheumatoid arthritis, according Dr. Mansfield, M.D., an allergy specialist and the author of "Arthritis: Allergy, Nutrition & The Environment."

Mansfield provides two relevant clinical trials. A placebo-controlled blind study of dietary manipulation therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients was conducted by G. Darlington G and colleagues from The Burghwood Clinic, and published in the February 1986 issue of "The Lancet." The study concluded that 75 percent of 44 patients improved substantially or totally on dietary elimination. A second study, published in January 1991 issue of "The Lancet" was conducted by Kjeldson-Kragh and associates. The subjects, all suffering from rheumatoid arthritis followed a trial of fasting and one year vegetarian diet. The researchers concluded that most subjects responded favorably to restricted diet and had a negative response to the reintroduction of specific foods.

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Arthritis Relief Diet

Arthritis Relief Diet

Overview

As of 2010, an estimated one in seven Americans has arthritis, a general term encompassing more than 100 inflammatory diseases that cause joint stiffness, swelling or pain. Arthritis is a chronic affliction for which there is no cure; common forms include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout. In addition to taking anti-inflammatories and other medications, diet can play an important part in keeping arthritis in check. Fight arthritis with foods that battle inflammation. Consult your doctor before making drastic changes to your diet.

Foods to Avoid

There are common rules for foods to avoid if you've been given a diagnosis of arthritis. Nightshades --- foods classified by their alkaloid, nitrogen-containing concentration --- such as tomatoes, potatoes and eggplant have been known to compromise joint function, though not all sufferers will react in this manner to these foods. Try avoiding nightshades for a couple of weeks to see if there is a noticeable difference in joint function.



Gout is linked to extra uric acid in the blood; avoid alcohol and bouts of overeating. Eliminate foods high in purines, an organic compound found in red meat, sardines, broths, shellfish and beans.

Omega Fatty Acids

Omega-6 fatty acids have been linked to excess inflammation for those with arthritis. Avoid linoleic acid, found in cooking oils such as corn and sunflower. One exception is gamma-linoleic acid, shown to reduce joint pain. A study of more than 50 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis found that consumption of 2.8 grams of GLA for six months significantly improved joint stiffness. Cook with olive oil, a healthy fat, instead of corn oil.



Omega-3 fatty acid has been seen to do just the opposite of the majority of omega-6 fatty acids. A healthy essential fatty acid found in salmon, tuna, halibut, herring, flaxseed and walnuts, omega-3 inhibits cytokines, which destroy cartilage. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, rheumatoid arthritis sufferers who take fish oil may be able to lower their dose of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Unlike medication, however, fish oil treats the symptoms of arthritis but does not slow the disease.

Go Natural

Dive into natural foods and cut out foods laden with additives and preservatives. This is common sense for all, particularly those prone to diabetes --- for which individuals with rheumatoid arthritis are at higher risk, "Arthritis Today" magazine reports. Cut refined carbs, saturated and trans fats from the diet for improved health.

Antioxidants

Free radicals can cause inflammation in the synovium membranes within joints and in body tissues; you can fight them by adding antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids and selenium to your diet.



Vitamin C promotes the growth of collagen --- a component of cartilage. There are conflicting studies on vitamin C and arthritis, however. One from Duke University in 2004 found that very high levels of vitamin C accelerated joint damage in osteoarthritis patients. A second study found that subjects whose diets were low in vitamin C were three times more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. The U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends that women get 75 mg of vitamin C per day, and men get 90 mg. Pomegranates are a vitamin C source shown to reduce the activity of proteins that cause inflammation.

Vitamin E, another antioxidant, has been known to minimize free radical damage around joints. Primary sources include nuts, seeds, grains, avocados and some vegetable oils.



The carotenoid beta-cryptoxanthin may reduce the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. A 2005 study at the University of Manchester found that an increase in beta-cryptoxanthin, equivalent to one glass of orange juice per day, was associated with a reduced risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Foods high in beta-cryptoxanthin are peppers, squash, pumpkin, papaya and tangerines.



A diet lacking selenium have been shown to aggravate osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements reports that those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis have reduced selenium levels in their blood. Selenium is found in a variety of foods, including shellfish, fish, garlic, whole grains, fish and Brazil nuts.

Weight and Arthritis

Excess weight puts pressure on knees, hips and weight-bearing joints, accelerating wear and tear on cartilage that usually protects joints. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimates that every two-pound increase in weight increases your risk of developing arthritis by 9 to 13 percent. Therefore, maintaining a healthy body weight is another means to reducing swelling and pain caused by arthritis.

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Different Types of Arthritis

Arthritis is not a single disease; it represents more than 100 conditions that affect more than 46 million adults and 300,000 children in the United States alone, the Arthritis Foundation reports. All of these different types of arthritis are related in that they affect the joints, which is where two bones meet, causing inflammation, pain and stiffness. Various forms of arthritis may be caused by infections, such as mycoplasma arthritis, viral arthritis, syphilitic arthritis and gonococcal arthritis, but the most common types of arthritis are not caused by infections.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic condition, is an autoimmune disease--caused by the body's own immune system attacking the cells that line the joints. This causes damage to the joints resulting in swelling, pain and stiffness that can lead to a loss of function. RA affects about 1.3 million Americans; women are two to three times more likely to develop the disease than men, and the onset of disease is usually between ages 30 and 60 but can occur at any age, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.

Rheumatoid arthritis is different from other types of arthritis because it is symmetrical. This means that if the right knee is affected, the left knee also is affected. It typically affects the joints in the hands and feet but also may affect the shoulders, jaw, hips and knees. Patients suffering from RA also may experience fever, fatigue and a general ill feeling.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is a degenerative disease that occurs due to the breakdown of the cartilage in the joints. Although OA can occur at any age, it is most common in those over 65. According to information published in "Arthritis Today" by the Arthritis Foundation, more than 33 million Americans suffer from osteoarthritis.

OA usually affects the weight-bearing joints, including the knees and hips, but also may develop in the hands and feet. The most common symptoms of osteoarthritis are joint stiffness, especially in the morning or after long periods of rest, inflammation of the joints and muscle weakness. Over time, the joints may become deformed.

Bursitis

Bursitis is a common type of arthritis that affects the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs found between the bones and tendons, muscles and ligaments. The bursae provide cushion for the joint; however, overuse of a joint can cause the bursae to become inflamed, causing pain. Bursitis most often affects the shoulders, elbows or hips but also can occur in the knee, heel or base of the big toe. Bursitis causes achy, stiff joints that may hurt when pressure is applied and may appear red and swollen. If left untreated, the pain can escalate to sharp, shooting pains, and a fever may arise. Treatment includes resting the affected joint, applying ice and using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. With proper treatment, the symptoms of bursitis usually subside within a few weeks, according to doctors at the Mayo Clinic.

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What Foods Inflame Rheumatoid Arthritis?

What Foods Inflame Rheumatoid Arthritis?

The influence of nutrition on inflammation has been studied since the 1930s, with results showing a number of possible food hypersensitivities and allergies that could increase inflammation. Since food sensitivities do not affect every rheumatoid arthritis patient, foods should be eliminated from the diet one at a time and then added back in to determine your individual reaction. Work with a dietitian when considering eliminating food groups from your diet.

Meat and Dairy

A study at the University of Oslo in Norway found intestinal fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients had higher levels of antibodies to proteins from cow's milk, eggs, codfish, cereal and pork compared to those without arthritis. This study was performed in test tubes not individuals, but shows the problem could begin in the gut. Dairy products have been shown to affect individuals in other studies, as well. Work with a physician and dietitian when trying an elimination diet.

Gluten

A study in Sweden found a gluten-free vegan diet improved symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Antibodies against gliadin, one of the gluten proteins, as well as arthritis symptoms decreased in those patients on eating the gluten-free vegan diet, but not in those eating the regular diet. Work with a dietitian and physician if considering elimination of gluten from the diet.

Alfalfa Seeds and Sprouts

Alfalfa may cause the immune system to become active and could lead to a flare-up of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and multiple sclerosis. While this reaction has been seen in only a few people, it is best to avoid alfalfa in any form until more is known.

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Foods to Avoid With RA

Foods to Avoid With RA

Rheumatoid arthritis, commonly referred to as RA in the medical community, is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects your joints and surrounding tissues, according to Arthritis Today. The influence of nutrition on arthritis inflammation has led many health providers to conclude that food hypersensitivities and allergies can trigger arthritis symptoms. Since food sensitivities do not affect every arthritis patient, you should test suspected foods to determine whether they render a reaction. Consult a health care nutritionist or dietitian before eliminating food sources from your diet.

Gluten

According to the Department of Rheumatology at Huddinge University Hospital, gluten-free vegan diets improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. In a study conducted by the university, researchers found that antibodies against the gluten protein gliadin decreased arthritis symptoms in participants eating a gluten-free vegan diet. However, the results were not the same for those participants who ate a regular diet. For best results, consult with your doctor before eliminating gluten from your diet.

Dairy Products and Meat

In a study conducted by the University of Oslo, researchers found intestinal fluids derived from rheumatoid arthritis participants contained elevated levels of antibodies to proteins from eggs, cow's milk, pork, cereal and codfish compared to those without arthritis. Since your body responds to infection threats by producing additional antibodies, this means that these foods can potentially inflame or aggravate your rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Speak with your physician about eliminating or replacing certain foods in your diet regimen.

Alfalfa Seeds and Sprouts

Alfalfa is an herb commonly used by people to make medicine. According to MedlinePlus, alfalfa can cause your immune system to become active, which can subsequently contribute to the flare-ups of autoimmune disease, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus. Although this reaction is experienced by a few people, try to avoid all forms of alfalfa until more is known about the herb.

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Vitamins Good for Arthritis

Vitamins Good for Arthritis

Arthritis occurs when the joints become inflamed, causing pain and stiffness in the joints. According to the MayoClinic.com, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the two most common forms of arthritis. Osteoarthritis occurs either from injury or from the constant wear and tear of daily life. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the person's immune system attacks the joints and causes inflammation. Medications, supplements, therapy and surgery are options for people with arthritis. Patients should always consult with their doctor before taking any type of supplement.

Fish Oil

Fish oil is a fatty acid that is found naturally in fish and can offer many healthy benefits. Fish oil can be consumed through eating fish; however, people looking to relieve arthritis symptoms supplements will also be needed. According to Arthritis Today, a sister site of The Arthritis Foundation, in nine studies, fish oil seems to reduce joint inflammation in people with rheumatoid arthritis. In six studies of people with rheumatoid arthritis who took fish oil supplements reduced the amount of pain medication they were taking. Fish oil supplements should contain at least 30 percent of EPA/DHA which are types of fatty acids.

Glucosamine

Glucosamine is naturally occurring in the body and helps build cartilage that helps cushion the joints. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, glucosamine has been found to help treat people with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage breaks down over time of from an injury. In some studies of people with osteoarthritis who have taken glucosamine have found a decrease in joint pain. While other studies have shown no effect of glucosamine on osteoarthritis. According to Arthritis Today, scientists are still unsure why there is a difference in results.

Sam-E

Sam-E is naturally occurring in the body and has been associated with improved joint health and treat osteoarthritis Same-E works as an anti-inflammatory, helping to reduce pain in the joints. According to Arthritis Today, there have been numerous studies conducted on people with osteoarthritis who have taken Sam-E and found that the supplement worked just as well at reducing pain as an over the counter medication and some prescription medications. Same-E should not be taken without consulting the patient's doctor as it can interfere with certain medications. Generally 600mg to 1,200mg of Sam-E are taken to treat osteoarthritis.

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Natural Arthritis Diet

Natural Arthritis Diet

Overview

About 46 million Americans suffer from a form of arthritis, which causes joint pain, stiffness and inflammation. Over-the-counter and prescription drugs are common arthritis treatments. However, they can produce severe side effects that motivate many arthritis patients to seek natural or alternative remedies. One natural approach is diet, and researchers have been exploring its role in arthritis since the 1930s, according to the Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center.

Definition and Causes

The two most common forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis usually results from aging and injury, states MedlinePlus, a website of the National Institutes of Health. It usually develops after age 40. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes your body's immune system to attack the joints and tissues. This form of arthritis affects both children and adults. Rheumatoid arthritis is also the form of arthritis on which diet research tends to focus.

Foods that Help

There is evidence that vegetarian and vegan diets can relieve symptoms of arthritis, such as one study conducted by researchers at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm. They found that a gluten-free vegan diet could increase the levels of antibodies that combat substances that contribute to inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Fatty fish, which are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and tart bing cherries may also relieve arthritis-related inflammation.

Foods that Hurt

According to the Arthritis Foundation, researchers at the University of Oslo looked at the antibodies of people with rheumatoid arthritis, or RA. They discovered that their intestinal fluid contained higher levels of antibodies to proteins in foods, such as cereal, cow's milk, eggs and pork, compared to people without RA. In essence, their bodies reacted to these foods as allergens.



Milk, meat and processed foods are leading allergy suspects, states Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center. An elimination diet--cutting out certain foods for a period of time to see if your arthritis improves--can be useful to pinpoint your RA allergy triggers. The Arthritis Foundation also recommends limiting sugar, salt and alcohol intake, if you have arthritis.

Fasting

The Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center warns that fasting is a risky, short-term treatment that is not accepted as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. While fasting may improve your symptoms for a few days, it has no proven long-term benefits.

Placebo Effect

Although these studies and others show that diet can improve symptoms for some arthritis patients, the debate on the diet-arthritis connection isn't over. According to the Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center, some experts suggest that in certain cases, dietary changes may simply result in a placebo effect, which means you may feel better from a treatment, but there's no physical improvement. However, switching to a healthier diet is a low-risk strategy to manage arthritis--and it improves your overall health.

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Diet & Rehumatoid Arthritis

Diet & Rehumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that causes joint pain, swelling and stiffness. It typically affects more than one joint, and in advance cases, can also damage internal organs. Women are more likely to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, which has no known cure. Some health professionals suggest that avoiding or eating certain foods may help to improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. However, consult with your rheumatologist before making any changes to your diet.

Possible Causes and Other Symptoms

While there is no known cause of rheumatoid arthritis, it's possible that genes, environment and hormones play a role in the development of the condition, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Besides pain, inflammation and stiffness in your joints, symptoms can include weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, fever and swollen glands. Poor joint function, numbness or tingling in your hands and feet and joint deformation can also occur.

Foods that Make RA Worse

There is debate about whether some foods can make rheumatoid arthritis worse or trigger flares. However, there is evidence that what you eat can affect your symptoms. For instance, in a study published in September 2006 in "Gut," a group of researchers from Norway looked at food antibodies --- proteins your immune system produces when it detects a harmful substance --- in the gut. Your immune system can mistake food as a harmful substance. The resulting antibodies trigger reactions that can cause symptoms. The study indicates that people with rheumatoid arthritis have higher amounts of antibodies to proteins from cereal, codfish, cow's milk, eggs and pork than those who do not have the condition. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings. If you notice that these foods or others aggravate your symptoms, try eliminating them to see if your arthritis improves.

Foods that Help

Increasing foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids helps to reduce inflammation. The omega-3 fats eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are found in coldwater fish such as salmon, halibut, tuna and mackerel. Another omega-3 fat, alpha-linolenic acid, is found in foods such as flaxseed and walnut and their oils, as well as dark leafy vegetables.

Supplements

Adding certain types of supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids, to your diet might also provide relief. Avocado soybean unsaponifiables, natural extracts from avocado and soybeans, help to slow the deterioration of cartilage and to repair cartilage. Also, ginger contains active compounds, which reduce pain and inhibit the inflammatory chemicals tumor necrosis factor- alpha and cyclooxygenase-2, or COX-2 --- both of which contribute to rheumatoid arthritis.

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Diseases That Are Like Rheumatoid Arthritis

Diseases That Are Like Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease that causes joint pain in many parts of the body. This pain is typically seen or felt in the small joints of the wrists, fingers and feet. Because it is an inflammatory disease with body wide effects, symptoms such as fever, fatigue, malaise--not feeling well, loss of appetite and weight loss may occur in rheumatoid arthritis. There are a number of diseases that are like rheumatoid arthritis because they have some of its symptoms.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that involves deterioration of cartilage at joints. Cartilage is the part of joints that cushions the surfaces of the bones and allows smooth movement to occur. The Arthritis Foundation explains that osteoarthritis is characterized by deterioration of cartilage. This gives rise to symptoms similar to those seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Symptoms that osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis share are pain in the joint, joint stiffness and loss of movement at affected joints. Osteoarthritis is similar to rheumatoid arthritis because they share these symptoms.

Gout

Gout is a disease that is like rheumatoid arthritis because its symptoms are similar to those seen in rheumatoid arthritis. The symptoms of gout are red, swollen, warm and painful joints. The Mayo Clinic explains that it is caused by accumulation of urate crystals at a joint. The accumulated crystals induce inflammation at the joint, which then lead to the symptoms of gout.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

"The Autoimmune Connection: Essential Information for Women on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Getting on with Your Life," by Rita Baron-Faust and Jill P. Buyon says that lupus also called systemic lupus erythematosus looks a lot like rheumatic arthritis. Lupus like rheumatic arthritis is an autoimmune disease. It is a chronic--life long--inflammatory condition that can affect almost every part of the body including the joints. When lupus affects the joints, it is manifested as swelling, redness and stiffness in the affected joint. These are all symptoms also seen in rheumatoid arthritis.

Psoriatic Arthritis

The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library says that psoriatic arthritis is similar to rheumatic arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the joints. It occurs in people who have psoriasis--an inflammatory skin disease characterized by raised patches of skin with red bases and white flaky tops. The Arthritis Foundation reports that 5 to 23 percent of psoriasis sufferers will develop psoriatic arthritis. Symptoms of this condition that are similar to those seen in arthritis are joint pain, swelling at the joints and a feeling of warmth in the joints.

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Remedies for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Remedies for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, an autoimmune disease, attacks the joints, causing pain, inflammation and deformity. RA affects women two to three times more frequently than men and occurs most often between the age of 35 and 50, the Merck Manual reports. RA often affects joints symmetrically and progresses rapidly in the first six years, often leading to joint deformities within the first 10 years. Treatment decreases inflammation and suppresses the immune system to prevent permanent joint damage. Several classes of drugs are used to treat RA.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, commonly known as NSAIDS, are available in over-the-counter and prescription preparations. NSAIDS work by blocking prostaglandins, substances that can induce inflammation and pain. Aspirin doses high enough to decrease pain can cause toxic effects. NSAIDS, while effective for pain and inflammation, can have serious side effects, such as gastrointestinal irritation, headache, confusion, water retention, high blood pressure and low platelets, Merck warns.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids such as prednisone and methylprednisolone decrease inflammation and pain but can have serious side effects, especially when taken long term. Corticosteroids work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. Thinning skin, easy bruisability, mood changes, osteoporosis, fluid retention, weight gain, cataract formation and diabetes may occur in people taking corticosteroids, reports MayoClinic.com. Corticosteroids are often used short-term for acute flare-ups of RA and may be injected directly into a joint.

Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs

Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, known as DMARDS, work more slowly and have more side effects than NSAIDS or corticosteroids, taking up to several months before improvement occurs, notes Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center. DMARDS can slow disease progression in up to two-thirds of patients, Merck claims, but the various drugs can have significant side effects. Rheumatrex, also prescribed as Trexall, the first-line DMARD therapy for RA in most cases, and Arava can cause liver toxicity, while Plaquenil, an anti-malarial drug, can damage the retina of the eye. Azulfidine may induce allergic reactions in patients allergic to sulfa drugs. Other medications suppress bone marrow and can cause serious lung infections.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, known as TNF-Alpha inhibitors, block the effects of TNF-alpha, which causes inflammatory reactions in the body. Enbrel, Remicade and Humira are TNF-alpha inhibitors; the drugs start to work within one to two weeks. Serious side effects including blood disorders, congestive heart failure and lymphoma can occur, according to MayoClinic.com.

Immunosuppressants

Medications that suppress the immune system used to treat RA include cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and cyclosporine. Because they suppress the immune system's response to bacteria, serious infection can occur.

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5 Things You Need to Know About Medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis

1. Oh, Those Aching Joints

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammation of the joints. It affects most joints of the body: shoulders, knees, wrists, elbows, fingers and feet. The joint typically swells and is painful. RA is symmetrical, meaning it attacks the same joint on both sides of the body. RA is an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks the tissues of the joints. There is no cure for RA and the only available treatment is with medications, which can do something as simple as alleviate pain or go up to targeting the body's immune system.

2. Relieve, Reduce and Improve

The goal of rheumatoid arthritis medications is to relieve and reduce symptoms and improve the function of the affected joints as well as the quality of life for RA sufferers. Medications are designed to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. They can also prevent possible damage to and deformity of the joint by achieving and maintaining remission of the disease. The type of medication you are given depends on the progress of the disease and the severity of the symptoms.

3. The First Line of Defense

The most common drug treatment for those with RA usually involves nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). These would include Advil or Motrin (ibuprofen), Aleve (naproxen) and Relafen (nabumetone). In the mid-1990s, a subset of NSAIDs called COX-2 inhibitors were developed, which impede the enzyme responsible for the swelling and pain associated with RA. These include Celebrex, Vioxx and Bextra. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), which act on the body's immune system, are becoming more popular to treat early-stage RA. These include cyclosporine, gold, methotrexate and sulfasalazine.

4. Calling Out the Heavy Hitters

In some cases, RA does not respond to any standard treatments. Other forms of medications beyond NSAIDs and DMARDs must be called upon. These are called biologic response modifiers and were introduced in the United States in the late 1990s. These, too, stimulate the immune system to fight joint inflammation by targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a protein found in high levels in the presence of certain inflammations. These intravenous drugs have had success in alleviating symptoms of RA.

5. Giving RA the Old One-two Combination

An effective and less risky form of treatment to fight RA is to use a combination of a biologic response modifier together with a standard NSAID or DMARD. Since some rheumatoid arthritis medications can have serious side effects such as liver disease or birth defects, using combination therapy allows for a lower dose of each drug to be used and thus reducing any potential side effects. Combination therapy has shown to be effective in treating symptoms and inducing remission of RA.

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Medications Used for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Medications Used for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by inflammation of the lining of the joints. It causes painful swelling and stiffness of the joints, which may result in permanent damage and long term disability. Although the joints are the primary target of the illness, other body systems can also be affected, including the eyes, heart and lungs. Several different classes of medicines are used to control the pain and joint destruction associated with RA.

NSAIDs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) were once the first choice of treatment for RA. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases reports that the use of more potent drugs is now the preferred treatment for early stage disease. However, for mild disease or when other drugs are not tolerated, NSAIDs can be used to treat pain and inflammation.

Over-the-counter NSAIDs include aspirin and ibuprofen. These drugs work by blocking the production of inflammatory substances called prostaglandins.

The cox-2 inhibitor Celebrex is available as a prescription medication for the pain and inflammation of RA. This drug works like other NSAIDs but is gentler on the stomach and intestinal lining.

Corticosteroids

The steroids prednisone and methylprednisolone are used to ease pain, swelling and inflammation. These drugs are sometimes used in combination with other medications and are then tapered when the other medications take effect. Steroids suppress the immune system. They are generally for short term use due to potential toxicity.

Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs

A class of drugs known as DMARDs is used to influence the underlying process of RA. These medications usually control pain, swelling and inflammation, and can prevent damage to the joints.

Methotrexate is the most commonly prescribed of the DMARD medications, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. It may take four to six weeks to achieve the full benefit of the drug. Methotrexate is fairly well tolerated but can have serious negative effects, including liver and lung damage. The Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center states that many side effects can be reduced with folic acid supplementation.

Chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial drugs used either alone or in combination with methotrexate, and other DMARDs. These drugs potentially can be damaging to the eyes.

Sulfasalazine is another DMARD that is often combined with other drugs, such as methotrexate and hydroxychloroquin. The most common side effect is gastrointestinal upset.

Biologic Response Modifiers

Biologic response modifiers are the next choice of treatment if DMARD therapy fails, or some of them may be used in combination with DMARDs. These agents can work quickly to reduce pain and inflammation and help prevent destruction of the joints. They are all given by injection or intravenously.

Tumor necrosis factor, or TNF, is an inflammatory substance made by the body. The drugs infliximab, and etanercept are two of the most commonly prescribed agents used to block TNF. These TNF inhibitors are usually very effective in reducing the pain and swelling of RA. They can also slow or eliminate destruction of the joints.

Interleukin-1 inhibitors block the action of inflammatory substances in the body and are given by daily injection. The most often reported side effect is itching and redness at the injection site.

Rituximab is what is known as a monoclonal antibody. It attaches to and destroys B cells, which helps to reduce inflammation in the body. It may take up to three months to see benefit from this drug. People may experience fever, chills, itching and difficulty breathing with infusions of Rituximab, especially the first one.

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Drugs to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "is a systemic inflammatory disease which manifests itself in multiple joints of the body." Management of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms includes medications such as NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs), steroids, biologic agents, immunosuppressive and antimalarial drugs. Expect severe cases of RA to require a combination of medications for effective symptom relief.

NSAIDs

NSAIDs used primarily as pain relief for rheumatoid arthritis symptoms work to reduce inflammation and pain by blocking prostaglandins, which are hormones that cause muscles to constrict and relax. The University of Maryland Medical Center reports over-the-counter NSAIDS used for pain control include ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil and Nuprin), ketoprofen (Orudis KT) and naproxen (Aleve) with higher dosages available by prescription. Other prescription NSAIDs include meloxicam (Mobic), flurbiprofen (Ansaid) and tolmetin (Tolectin). Major possible side effects of NSAIDs include the risk of heart attack, ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding.

DMARDs

UpToDate, an online medical educational resource, describes DMARDs as a group of medications that decrease pain by suppressing the activity of the inflammatory system. DMARDs include many drugs used for other medical conditions. The most common DMARDs include methotrexate (originally used as chemotherapy for cancer), sulfasalazine (used for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's), hydroxychloroquine (a malaria drug), cyclosporine (an anti-rejection drug) and azathioprine (a cancer and anti-rejection medication). Side effects of DMARDs include nausea, liver damage and rash.

Corticosteroids

Treatment for an acute phase of rheumatoid arthritis includes the use of corticosteroids such as prednisone and methylprednisolone to reduce joint pain and inflammation The Mayo Clinic reports that the short-term use is beneficial, but long-term use has the potential for serious side effects such as bone thinning, diabetes and cataracts.

TNF-alpha Inhibitors

Etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade) and adalimumab (Humira) are TNF-alpha inhibitors used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis to slow the progression of the damage caused by RA. Complications of TNF-alpha treatment include injection site or infusion reactions, heart failure and malignancy.

Other

The National Institutes of Health reports that on January 11, 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved tocilizumab (Actemra) as a drug for use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its targeted use is for people with inadequate response to other RA drugs. The action of Actemra blocks interleukin-6, an immune system protein. Side effects include upper respiratory infection, headache and high blood pressure

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Vitamin B12 Injections & Rheumatoid Arthritis

Vitamin B12 Injections & Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that causes pain and inflammation in joints, affects about 1.3 million Americans, according to the Arthritis Foundation. Onset of RA often occurs in the 20s and 30s, and disproportionally affects women. Many patients with RA are also anemic -- roughly 30 to 60 percent, according to the Society for the Advancement of Blood Management. Often, individuals with a certain types of anemia are deficient in vitamin B-12.

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Anemia

Rheumatoid arthritis is a known cause of aplastic anemia, according to the Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Experts have been aware of the link between pernicious anemia and the autoimmune joint disease since at least the 1970s. Both types of anemia, like RA, are autoimmune disorders and can lead to vitamin B-12 malabsorption. The Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation explains that low vitamin B-12 levels reduces the production of blood cells, which leads to a drop in the number of platelets as well as red and white blood cells.

Anemia and B-12

The National Institutes of Health reports that people with certain types of anemia usually require lifelong vitamin B12 replacement, often in the form of injections. Anemia can cause destruction of stomach cells by the body's own defense system, according to the Linus Pauling Institute. Without treatment, the condition can lead to decreased secretion of acids and enzymes necessary for absorbing vitamin B-12. In order to restore B-12 levels in the blood, patients need intramuscular injections that bypass the intestines.

Artery Disease

In a 1997 study published in the journal "Arthritis and Rheumatism," researchers found that patients with RA who were not on the drug methionine had higher levels of homocysteine in their blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid that, in large concentrations, could cause artery damage and increase the risk of blood clots. Those taking the drug had normal blood levels of the amino acid. Vitamin B-12 shots, along with other B vitamins, could reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality in a subgroup of patients with RA. Death from heart disease is 50 percent higher in RA patients compared with other populations, according to a 2008 study published in the same journal.

Dose

Rheumatoid arthritis patients with anemia need more than the 2.4 mcg of vitamin B-12 recommended for healthy adults. For these individuals, a 1 mg dose can provide therapeutic effectiveness. For those who would rather take an oral vitamin, a 1998 study published in the journal "Blood," found that oral vitamin B-12 is just as effective as an intramuscular injection. A combination of 400 IU of vitamin B-12, along with 1 mg of folic acid and 10 mg vitamin B-6 significantly decreased homocysteine levels in coronary patients, according to 2002 study published in the "Journal of the American Medical Association."

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Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment and Medications

Overview

Joint pain and damage are a result of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The disease attacks the joint linings causing painful inflammation that can lead to eventual deformities. Rheumatoid arthritis can interfere with daily activities with its throbbing, aching symptoms. There is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis. Most treatment is designed to minimize pain and teach patients how to work around the symptoms.

NSAIDS

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as Advil, Motrin and Aleve can help to reduce the inflammation caused by RA while relieving the pain.

Steroids

Corticosteroids, such as prednisone and methylprednisolone, minimize the pain and swelling and can slow down the rate of damage.

DMARDs

Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as Plaquenil and Ridaura, are used in the early stages of the disease to slow the degeneration of the joints.

Immunosuppressants

Immunosuppressants work on the immune system to get rid of cells attributed to RA.

Surgery

Surgery sometimes is warranted when there is no lignin left and the pain is excruciating. Surgery may involve partial or total joint replacement.

Exercise

Exercise meant to strengthen the muscles that surround the joints can help extend mobility for people with the degenerative joint disease.

source : livestrong.com

Over-the-Counter Vitamins for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Over-the-Counter Vitamins for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease, affects nearly 1 percent of Americans, according to the Arthritis Foundation. Although not firmly established, genetic markers and environmental aspects seem to play a role in developing RA. RA affects your joints, causing swelling, inflammation and pain. Inflammation may lead to fatigue, depression, anemia, loss of appetite and low-grade fever. Over-the-counter vitamins may help relieve some of these symptoms in conjunction with conventional therapy, but check with your physician.

Vitamin B-6

Vitamin B-6 deficiency is well-documented in individuals with RA, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. It also states that the inflammation process in RA may cause this lower vitamin B-6 level. A 2010 study in the "European Journal of Clinical Nutrition" followed 35 adults with RA who were given 100 mg of vitamin B-6 plus folic acid. The recommended dietary allowance for adults is 1.3 mg. After 12 weeks, the study concluded that this large dose of vitamin B-6 helped relieve the inflammatory process. Talk to your doctor before taking any supplements.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D, through its interaction with calcium, plays a vital role in maintaining healthy bones and possibly immune functioning. A 2004 article in the journal "Arthritis and Rheumatism" reported on an 11-year study that followed over 29,000 women in regards to their vitamin D intake. Of these women, 152 developed RA. Upon analyzing the data, the study concluded that the lower the amount of vitamin D consumed, the higher the risk for developing RA.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that neutralizes cell-damaging free radicals and boosts the immune system in order to fight off bacterial and viral infections. It is also thought to possess analgesic properties. In the journal "Annals of Rheumatic Disease," a 1997 study put this hypothesis to the test in reference to the pain caused by RA. In a double-blind study, 42 patients were administered 600 mg of vitamin E twice daily for 12 weeks, after which they were found to have a significant, but small, decrease in pain.

Folate

Methotrexate is a drug commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and is referred to as a group of drugs called disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, according to the University of Washington Medicine. It helps by decreasing pain and swelling. However, it also alters the way the body metabolizes folate, or folic acid, which is needed for cell growth. Supplementing with folate may help decrease the side effects of methotrexate, which include liver inflammation, mouth sores and nausea.

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Alternatives to NSAID Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Alternatives to NSAID Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease where your body's immune system attacks your joints. This can result in significant pain, swelling and loss of function in your joints, particularly in your hands and wrist. According to Medline Plus, women between the ages of 25 and 55 are most likely to develop RA. Researchers have not identified a cause and there is no known cure. Therefore, doctors rely on medications, therapy and surgery to treat the symptoms of RA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common drugs used to treat RA; however, there are other alternatives that you should be aware of.

Therapy

Ask your doctor if therapy can improve your symptoms and help you complete your daily activities. According to the Mayo Clinic, an occupational therapist can help you find different ways to approach everyday tasks in order to take stress off your painful joints. Your doctor may also prescribe assistive devices to help you complete these tasks. You must make your therapy sessions purposeful, and commit to learning the new exercises and techniques taught to you by your therapist in order to gain the most benefit.

Steroids

Medications may be necessary to treat RA and prevent the worsening of this disease. Many of the other prescribed medications are designed to reduce the damage that your immune system is causing to your joints. Unfortunately, these medications can cause serious side effects. For example, steroids are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and pain. Side effects of steroids include easy bruising, thinning of bones, cataracts, weight gain, a round face and diabetes, states the Mayo Clinic.

Anti-Cancer Drugs

Often anti-cancer drugs are prescribed in more serious cases. These drugs can slow the progression of RA by reducing inflammatory substances produced by your body. These drugs include disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (methotrexate, hydroxychlorquine and others), immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclosporine and others), TNF-alpha inhibitors (etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab) and other drugs (anakinra, abatacept and rituximab). These drugs have significant side effects that can cause liver damage, severe infections, congestive heart failure, blood disorders and lymphoma. Make sure you fully discuss your dosage schedule with your doctor, because improper use can cause serious damage. Immediately let your doctor know if you are experiencing any of these side effects.

Surgery

Surgery is another alternative to NSAID treatment for RA. Surgery may be recommended if you have damaged or deformed joints. According to the Mayo Clinic, your doctor may recommend a joint replacement, tendon repair, removal of the inflamed portions of the joint or a joint fusion. Be sure to fully discuss this option with your doctor, because there are associated risks of bleeding, infection and pain with surgery. However, this may be the best option to treat your RA symptoms.

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Flaxseed Oil for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Flaxseed Oil for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic disorder that typically affects small joints, like those in the hands and feet, is an inflammatory condition caused by an autoimmune reaction, in which the lining of the joint is attacked by the body's immune system causing pain and swelling. It is not curable, but there are several treatments available to treat the symptoms. Some supplements, like flaxseed oil, are said to help relieve symptoms as well and should be reviewed with a health care professional.

Significance

According to the Arthritis Foundation, approximately 1.3 million individuals in America are living with rheumatoid arthritis, or RA. Women make up the majority of sufferers -- 70 percent of individuals with RA are women. The Arthritis Foundation states that the condition is typically diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 50.

Features

RA develops along a continuum of three stages. The first stage consists of the swelling of the synovial lining of the joint, causing inflammation, warmth and joint pain, the Arthritis Foundation says. The second stage occurs when the cells in the lining of the joint divide rapidly, causing the joint lining to thicken. Lastly, in the third stage, these cells release an enzyme that may break down bone and cartilage, causing more joint pain, loss of movement and misshapen joints, according to the Arthritis Foundation.

Treatment

There are various treatments for RA, depending on the symptoms and severity. The Mayo Clinic website lists some of the available drug treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; steroids; disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs such as methotrexate, immunosuppressants and TNF-alpha inhibitors. Occupational therapy may be beneficial to increase joint mobility, assistive devices can help relieve stresses on joints, and in severe cases of RA, surgery may be necessary to correct joints that have been damaged by RA.

Flaxseed Oil Benefits

Some individuals find that supplements help relieve symptoms of RA, and flaxseed oil is one such supplement. According to Arthritis Today, flaxseed contains an omega-3 fatty acid called alpha-linolenic acid. Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and may help relieve the swelling and inflammation associated with RA, although study results are mixed. More studies need to be done to explore the definitive benefits of flaxseed oil for RA.

Warning

Flaxseed oil may interfere with other medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as cancer or high cholesterol, need to be careful when taking this supplement as well. Prior to starting supplementation with flaxseed oil, it is best to talk with a health care professional to avoid any adverse medication interactions or side effects related to a medical condition.

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Diet that Is Good for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Diet that Is Good for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory condition of the small joints of the feet and hands. This condition affects 1 percent of the population worldwide, including over 1 million Americans, according to 2008 information from the Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Some dietary products have anti-inflammatory effects and may benefit inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. If you suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and are considering changing your diet, talk to a nutritionist first.

The Link Between Diet and RA

The results of a study published in December 1991 in "Clinical Rheumatology" indicate that dietary changes can help improve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. This was a questionnaire-based study involving 742 patients. Of the participants, 290 were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and the rest were suffering from other forms of inflammatory arthritis. Less pain and stiffness was reported by 46 percent of the participants and 36 percent indicated reduced joint inflammation when changing their diets. Fifteen percent of the participants with rheumatoid arthritis tried fasting -- and 50 percent from this group experienced less pain, swelling and joint stiffness.

Focus on "Anti-inflammatory" Foods

For rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic diseases, eating a diet low in saturated fat and high in fruits and vegetables is essential because fats trigger inflammatory effects in the body, states University of Maryland, Medical Center. Healthy fats are found in fish and in the white meat from chicken or turkey. Olive oil, flax, grape seed and fish oil are good sources of healthy fats and provide omega-3 fatty acids, which help reduce joint swelling. Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts and sprouts because they have anti-inflammatory effects on joints and are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. Add more vegetable sources of protein, such as beans, peas, lentils, nuts, spinach and broccoli, to your diet.

Avoid "Inflammatory" Foods

Red meat contains arachadonic acid, a compound that triggers inflammation. Avoiding red meat helps decrease inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, red meat, as well as margarine, fried foods and highly processed foods contain saturated fats and omega-6 fatty acids, which can further stimulate inflammatory responses in the body.

Considerations

Diet modification appears to be beneficial for individuals suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Consult a nutritionist to recommend a healthy "anti-inflammatory" diet that provides a good balance of all the nutrients essential for your health. Exercise, especially low-impact weight-bearing exercises help keep your bones and joints strong. Keep in mind that a healthy diet does not replace, and should not be used to replace, any medication for rheumatoid arthritis you are currently taking.

source : livestrong.com